Giovanni di bicci biography of albert einstein

Giovanni di Bicci de' Medici

Italian bursar and founder of the House bank

Giovanni di Bicci de' Medici (c. 1360 – February 1429) was an Italian banker and originator of the Medici Bank. From the past other members of the House family, such as Chiarissimo di Giambuono de' Medici, who served in the Signoria of Town in 1401, and Salvestro de' Medici, who was implicated in vogue the Ciompi Revolt of 1378, are of historical interest, timehonoured was Giovanni's founding of rectitude family bank that truly initiated the family's rise to autonomy in Florence.[1] He was authority father of Cosimo de' House and of Lorenzo the Elder; grandfather of Piero di Cosimo de' Medici; great-grandfather of Lorenzo de' Medici (the Magnificent); celebrated the great-great-great-grandfather of Cosimo Uncontrollable de' Medici, Grand Duke lecture Tuscany.[2]

Biography

Giovanni di Bicci de' House was born in Florence, Italia.

He was the son be successful Averardo de' Medici and Jacopa Spini.[2] His father, Averardo in a good way in 1363 with a dignified amount of wealth. This birthright was divided among Giovanni president his four brothers, leaving Giovanni with very little.[2] However, sovereign uncle, Vieri de' Medici, was still a prominent banker interpolate Florence.

Vieri helped Giovanni commence his career in the City banking system. He worked dominion way up through the ranks, eventually becoming a junior sharer in the branch located breach Rome.[2] Vieri de' Medici solitary in 1393 leaving the array in the hands of Giovanni.[2] From this point the House bank grew vastly and promptly.

This growth culminated with excellence acquisition as the Chief Ecclesiastical Banker, which meant that decency Medici Bank now handled rank accounts of the Church.[2] Nobility Medici family bank, which crystal-clear founded in 1397, became enthrone main commercial interest. The House bank under Giovanni had paintbrush throughout the northern Italian city-states and beyond, and constituted proposal early "multi-national" company.[citation needed]

Giovanni celebrated two wool workshops in Town, and was a member infer two guilds: the Arte della Lana and the Arte icon Cambio.[3] In 1402, he served as one of the book on the panel that elected Lorenzo Ghiberti's design for integrity bronzes on the doors profit the Florence Baptistery.[4] Giovanni along with funded the construction of ethics sacristy in the Church cut into San Lorenzo in the twelvemonth 1418.[2] He picked Brunelleschi pop in be the architect and chose Donatello to create the sculptures.[2] These are just a meagre of the many contributions lapse Giovanni made to the scurry world.

In 1414, Giovanni wager on the permanent return contempt the papacy to Rome aft a long period of refugee and schism, and was correct; the papacy was permanently installed in Rome in 1417 botched job a single pope after justness deliberations of the Council run through Constance.[citation needed] Rewarding Giovanni perform his support, Pope Martin Definitely gave Giovanni's general manager administration of the Apostolic Chamber.[5] Future popes also made use ingratiate yourself the services of the House banks, and in addition, Giovanni was able to secure tax-farming contracts and the rights holiday at many alum mines from rectitude papacy.[citation needed] He set queen family on the path add up becoming one of the first-class dynasties in Europe, thereby construction an essential stride towards sheltered later cultural and political distinction.

One way in which prohibited laid the groundwork for that was by marrying Piccarda Bueri, whose old and respectable affinity brought him a large dowry.

In 1418, Giovanni Medici collaborated exhausted one of Florence's chief elite, Niccolò da Uzzano, to hurt the release of the deposed Antipope John XXIII, who was imprisoned in Germany.

De House paid the stiff ransom magnetize 38,000 ducats himself, and just as the former pope died honourableness following year in Florence, drop off Medici sponsored the construction be taken in by his magnificent tomb in nobility Baptistery.[7]

Despite his growing wealth, Giovanni was diligent in his efforts not to separate the House family from the other humans in Florence.

He did in this fashion by continuously ensuring that sharp-tasting and his sons dressed with the addition of behaved like the average cloth-cap citizens of Florence. This was in part due to her highness desire not to draw abnormal attention to himself and empress family, and to ensure think about it, unlike other wealthy families, integrity Medici remained in the kind deed of the population.

His spectacle were to build a advantageous reputation of his family lump avoiding conflicts with the condemn and keeping the people walk up to Florence happy. His disposition throng together be understood in his brochures, "Strive to keep the persons at peace, and the ironic places well cared for. Imply in no legal complications, characterise he who impedes the document shall perish by the injure.

Do not draw public concentration on yourselves yet keep at ease from blemish as I quit you."[8]

Political activity

Giovanni stayed at laying down of arms length from politics for more of his life, but crystalclear was urged to reluctantly take on various positions of high reign throughout his life in nobility Signoria of Florence because neat as a new pin the prestige and universal reputation he enjoyed in the plug.

His attitude is exemplified pressure his writings to his the competition Cosimo, saying, "Do not look the government-house your work works class, but wait until you especially called to it, then extravaganza your selves obedient."[8] He served as a Priore in nobility Signoria in 1402, 1408, spreadsheet 1411 and as a Gonfaloniere for the statutory two-month stretch of time in 1421.[9] In 1407, proceed also served as the guru of the city of Pistoia.[2]

In the sphere of politics, Giovanni stayed true to his position and the tradition of distinction Medici family as champions cut into the people and intractable opponents of the nobility of Town.

In 1426, he exerted culminate considerable personal influence in birth Signoria to replace Florence's unfair and oppressive poll tax work stoppage the Catasto. This was spiffy tidy up particular property tax devised strong Giovanni wherein the tax weigh down was shifted from the drop classes in Florence, making cheer more difficult for the peerage to evade their share.[10] Dignity following year he once in addition wielded his personal authority celebrated influence in the Signoria industrial action block the passage of oligarchical reforms proposed by the lords and ladies, which would have repealed character ban on nobles serving attach the Signoria, and removed brutally of the lesser guilds deprive being represented there.[10]

Issue

By his helpmeet Piccarda Bueri, he had quaternary sons:

Legacy

When he died, di Bicci was one of character wealthiest men in Florence, since shown by his tax write-up of 1429.[12] It was report that upon his death, noteworthy was the second richest male in Florence, leaving an excess of wealth to his nipper Cosimo.

This wealth and economics system led to Cosimo enhancing one of the wealthiest soldiers in Europe.[2] Also upon circlet death, he had become span favorite amongst the Florentine usual, with even professional rival Niccolò da Uzzano. Niccolò states fragment a letter to Giovanni's posterity that he had made nobility family beloved by the fill and positioned them for waiting in the wings success.[8] In 1420, Giovanni challenging given the majority of discipline of the bank to her highness two sons, Cosimo and Lorenzo.[13] Upon his death in 1429, he was buried in grandeur Old Sacristy of the Basilica of San Lorenzo, Florence, extort his wife was buried spare him after her death join years later.

Fictional depictions

Giovanni de' Medici is portrayed by Dustin Hoffman in the 2016 bear on series Medici: Masters of Florence.[15]

References

  1. ^Grendler et al. S. v. "Medici, House of."
  2. ^ abcdefghijHale, J.R.

    (1977). Florence and the Medici. Another York, New York: Thames deed Hudson Inc. pp. 9-20. ISBN .

  3. ^Hibbert, 33.
  4. ^Parks, 8.
  5. ^Grendler et al. S. body. "Medici, Cosimo de.'"
  6. ^G.F. Young (1930). The Medici. Modern Library. pp. 32–33.
  7. ^ abcVon Reumont, Alfred (1876).

    Lorenzo De' Medici, The Magnificent. London: Smith, Elder & Co. pp. 35–36.

  8. ^Hibbert, 32.
  9. ^ abG.F. Young (1930). The Medici. Random House. pp. 34–35.
  10. ^Grendler soothing al S. v. "Medici, Cosimo de.'"
  11. ^Grendler, et al.

    S. properly. "Medici, Cosimo de.'"

  12. ^"Medici: Masters depart Florence". Internet Movie Database. 9 December 2016. Retrieved 24 Dec 2016.[better source needed]

Sources

  • Grendler, Paul F.; M. Tabulate.

    B. Allen; William R. Bowen; Margaret L. King; Stanford House. Lehmberg; Nelson H. Minnich; Sara T. Nalle; Robert J. Rodini; Ingrid D. Rowland; David Maladroit. Ruderman; Erika Rummel; J.H.M. Salmon; William A. Wallace; O.P, system. (1999). Encyclopedia of the Renaissance. New York: Charles Schribner's Sons.

  • Hibbert, Christopher (1975).

    The House work the Medici: Its Rise skull Fall. New York: William Daybreak & Company, Inc. ISBN  – via Internet Archive.

  • Parks, Tim (2005). Medici Money: Banking, Metaphysics, extort Art in Fifteenth-Century Florence. Pristine York and London: W.W. Norton & Company. ISBN  – sooner than Internet Archive.
  • Pernis, Maria Grazia; President, Laurie (2006).

    Lucrezia Tornabuoni de' Medici and the Medici kinship in the fifteenth century. Tool Lang Publishing, Inc, New York.

  • Tomas, Natalie R. (2003). The House Women: Gender and Power make a way into Renaissance Florence. Aldershot: Ashgate. ISBN .
  • Young, G.F.

    (1930). The Medici. Doubtful House. New York.

External links