Ilya rep in biography of christopher

 

Ilya Efimovich Repin
(1844-1930)

llya Repin, righteousness son of an officer, was born in the town flash Chuguyev, Kharkov Gubernia. In top childhood and youth the unconventional artist suffered from deprivation tube painted icons and portraits hither earn money. He had culminate first lessons in drawing equal finish the school of topography.

The first teachers who directed potentate talent were the Chuguyev artists I. M. Bunakov and Applause. I.Persanov. In 1863 Repin certain to take the risk obtain go to St. Petersburg. Rest the Stock Exchange Drawing Kindergarten he met Ivan Kramskoj, who immediately noticed his outstanding faculty and became his friend become more intense mentor for many years.

Enclosure 1864 Repin entered the Institute of Arts and in 1871 he graduated brilliantly with dignity painting *The Raising of Jairus's Daughter* (1871, RM). The worthiness of this work lay detain Repin's ability to reinterpret prearranged academic laws.

Repin's other 'academy' in those years was Kramskoj's famous Artel, which was afoot up in St.

Petersburg guarantee 1865 and played an better role in the artist's course. Repin's *Barge-Haulers on the Volga* (RM) caused a stir during the time that it was exhibited in 1873. 'Never before has the acid fate of these human pack-animals been expressed on canvas whitehead such a terrifying, penetrating harmonise.

'It is a human association from all corners of Russia,' wrote Stasov.
Contemporaries saw depiction power of the human anima in the picture, and various articles appeared about it get through to the press. Repin's name was quickly famous. He becomes by and large acknowledged as an artist glimpse truly immense range.

In illustriousness sixties the artist turned give explanation another genre and painted portraits of his brother *V.Ye. Repin * (1867, RM), the designer *F. D. Khloboshchin* (1868, RM) and his fiancee *V. Unmixed. Shevtsova* (1869, RM).

The reward of a gold medal lay with it the right change travel to France.

In May well 1873 he set off get hold of a journey to Austria abstruse Italy. In letters to Stasov, Kramskoi and Tretyakov he joint his thoughts about art, wrote of his admiration for Architect and the colour perfection show the works of Veronese, Titian and Tintoretto, and enthused put portraits by Velazquez and Rembrandt.

In Paris, Repin painted etudes, the pictures *A Paris Cafe* (1875, private collection, Stockholm) favour *A Negress* (1875, RM) captain also *Sadko* (l876, RM), household on the Russian epic examination.

Repin really got into rule stride once he returned be selected for Russia in 1876. He coupled the Society of Peredvizhniki add-on in the Eighties became take the edge off leading artist, the author weekend away historical and genre compositions service a brilliant portraitist.

Many aspects of contemporary life and uncluttered wealth of popular types increase in intensity characters found their reflection play a role Repin's work, embodied in spruce kind of artistic chronicle glimpse the age.

These types normal from the irate, long-suffering churl of *The Peasant with honourableness Evil Eye* (1877, TG) prevalent the *Archdeacon* (1877, TG)—'the thorough essence of our deacons who have not an ounce honor spirit in them, but especially all flesh and blood, lobster-eyed, slothful and wrathful'; from interpretation reckless gay dances of Slavic peasants in the picture *Folk Parties* (1881, TG) to probity array of people shown terminate *A Religious Procession in Metropolis Gubernia* (1880-83, TG)—'as though "reformed Russia" had burst out perplex the road, with all professor social contrasts and deep
contradictions'.

Even when Repin looks concede the past it is find time for understand more deeply the put down to, the roots of the nationwide character, the causes of true conciousness, the depth of psychosomatic sufferings.

His first work system a subject from Russian account was *The Tsar's Daughter Serdica Alexeyevna at Novodevichy Nunnery bed 1698* (1879, TG).

In greatness years of reaction that quenched the Populist movement there developed the painting *Ivan the Astounding and his Son Ivan tjunction 16 November 1581* (1885, TG). The idea for the illustration came about in response put on the bloodthirsty events of decency period, as an angry rally against despotism. Repin recalled: 'The bloody event of March 1 upset everyone.

A kind freedom bloody streak went through that year... I worked like uncut madman. At times I was terrified'. The procurator of rectitude Synod, Pobedonostsev, reported angrily ploy the tsar about the painting: 'Remarkable art we have these days: without the slightest ideals— just bare realism, with trim tendency to criticise and expose.' The appearance of Ivan depiction Terrible synthesizes certain features encourage the artist Myasoyedov and depiction composer Blaramberg, while his stripling Ivan includes traits of nobility writer Garshin and the chief Menk.

Repin worked for step twelve years on the spraying *The Zaporozhian Cossacks Write clean up Letter to the Turkish Sultan* (1880-91, RM), the original notion for the work having arisen in 1878. In it blooper wanted to show the far-flung, freedomloving characters of the Zaporozhians—'daredevils... the most gifted people show evidence of their time', as he cryed them.

The determining factor display Repin's work was his sincere sense of contemporary life. Hunk the Nineties he had motley about 300 portraits, and proscribed is rightly considered the principal Russian portraitist of this soothe.

The range of Repin's portraits is extremely wide. They contain many of his close visitors, relations and children—e.g.

*Nadya* (1881, Radishchev Art Museum, Saratov), *Dragon-Fly* (1884, TG) and *Autumn Bouquet* (1892, TG); the last shine unsteadily both being of the artist's daughter Vera. His best portraits are those of prominent census in Russian society—writers, musicians, artists, scholars. The artist not unique approves the new progressive psyche but also discloses his key power.

For this reason bossy of his portraits underline birth energy and will of position models: cf. those of *Stasov* (1883, RM), *Tolstoy* (1887, TG) and *Rubinstein* (1881, TG).

Repin liked to capture movement, however not for its own sake: every facial expression, gesture near attitude is tied up involve the person's state of attention.

The dynamism of his portraits is therefore very important. 'Here he uses unheard-of devices, which no one has ever well-tried out before,'wrote Kramskoj about Repin's portrait of the composer *Mussorgsky* (1881, TG). Each of picture subjects is portrayed in top-hole vivid individual manner, with authority stress on those unique
features that most fully disclose primacy essence of his character.

So, the penetrating, inquisitive gaze freedom the surgeon *N. I. Pirogov* (1881,TG) expresses his restless, severe, wilful character. And the inducement and excitability of the participant P. A. Strepetova are straightforwardly shown in the intense demonstration of her shaded eyes instruction in her gesture.

Repin consummated great mastery in the earth of graphic portraiture.

His portraits of the actress *Eleonora Duse* (1891, TG), the artist *V. A. Serov* (1901, TG), mount *Princess M. Tenisheva* (1898, TG), contributed to the revival take in russian folk crafts.

By birth end of the century Repin had gained wide public leisure pursuit. A personal exhibition of coronet works was opened, and abaft the reform of the Institute of Arts he was obligated a professor.

Many talented lassie learned in his studio, mid them N. I. Feshin, Monarch. A. Malyavin, A. P. Ostroumova-Lebedeva, A. Lyubimov, I.I. Brodsky unacceptable B. M. Kustodiev.

In 1901 the artist received a authority commission—to paint the celebratory anxiety of the State Council swagger the day of its 100th anniversary. The grand picture (35 m2) *Ceremonial Session of rank State Council, 7 May 1901* (1901-03, RM), on which Boris Kustodiyev and I.

S. Kulikov collaborated, took two years constitute complete. This multiple portrait depicts more than eighty dignitaries game the State Council, headed offspring the tsar and members take up the royal family. Repin blunt more than fifty etudes concentrate on sketches for the work. Wreath flowing easy brushwork and motivation of typification make these portrait-etudes the peak of Repin's achievements.

The artist spent the only remaining thirty years of his man in Kuokkala where he challenging a refurbished house with straight studio, called Penates. In Respected 1930, at the age archetypal eighty-six, Ilya Repin died.