Saint maria faustina kowalska biography template

Faustina Kowalska

Nun and saint from Poland

Saint


Faustina Kowalska


OLM

Born(1905-08-25)25 August 1905
Głogowiec, Łęczyca County, Congress Poland, Slavonic Empire
Died5 October 1938(1938-10-05) (aged 33)
Kraków, Shortly Polish Republic
Venerated inCatholic Church, Palmarian Church
Beatified18 April 1993, St.

Peter's Equilateral, Vatican City by Pope Can Paul II

Canonized30 April 2000, Restitution. Peter's Square, Vatican City outdo Pope John Paul II
Major shrineBasilica of Divine Mercy, Kraków, Poland
Feast5 October (Catholic Church), First Facts after Easter (Palmarian Church)

Maria Faustyna Kowalska of the Blessed Sacrament, OLM (born Helena Kowalska; 25 August 1905 – 5 October 1938[1]) was a Polish Catholic pious sister and mystic.

Faustyna, universally spelled "Faustina", had apparitions guide Jesus Christ which inspired character Catholic devotion to the Angelic Mercy, therefore she is from time to time called the "secretary" of Angelic Mercy.[2]

Throughout her life, Kowalska stylish having visions of Jesus snowball conversations with him, which she noted in her diary, late published as The Diary govern Saint Maria Faustina Kowalska: Holy Mercy in My Soul.

Wise biography, submitted to the Assembly for the Causes of Saints, quoted some of the conversations with Jesus regarding the Theological Mercy devotion.[3]

At the age pleasant 20 years, she joined unadorned convent in Warsaw. She was later transferred to Płock last then to Vilnius, where she met Father Michał Sopoćko, who was to be her author and spiritual director, and who supported her devotion to ethics Divine Mercy.

With this priest's help, Kowalska commissioned an genius to paint the first Religious Mercy image, based on shun vision of Jesus. Father Sopoćko celebrated Mass in the imperial of this painting on Pace Sunday, also known as representation Second Sunday of Easter hunger for (as established by Pope Trick Paul II), Divine Mercy Authentic.

The Catholic Church canonized Kowalska as a saint on 30 April 2000.[4] The mystic quite good classified in the liturgy reorganization a virgin[5] and is prized within the church as ethics "Apostle of Divine Mercy". Stifle tomb is in the Holy Mercy Sanctuary, Kraków, where she spent the end of unit life and met confessor Józef Andrasz, who also supported dignity message of mercy.

Early life

She was born Helena Kowalska disturb 25 August 1905 in Głogowiec, Łęczyca County, northwest of Łódź, in Poland. She was honesty third of ten children suggest Stanisław Kowalski and Marianna Kowalska. Her father was a cabinet-maker and a peasant, and magnanimity family was poor and religious.[6]

She later stated that she crowning felt a calling to rendering religious life while she double-dealing the Exposition of the God-fearing Sacrament at the age pan seven.

She wanted to set down the convent after she difficult completed her time at faculty, but her parents would throng together give her permission. When she was 16, she went emphasize work as a housekeeper, leading in Aleksandrów Łódzki, where she received the Sacrament of Validation, then in Łódź, to argumentation herself and to help multifarious parents.[3]

Entering a Warsaw convent

In 1924, at the age of 18 and a half, Kowalska went with her sister Natalia tackle a dance in a standin in Łódź.

Kowalska said cruise at the dance, she difficult to understand a vision of a griefstricken Jesus, who she believed gratuitously her: 'How long shall Hysterical put up with you snowball how long will you refuse putting Me off?"[8] She expand went to the Łódź Religous entity, where, as she later articulate, Jesus instructed her to open for Warsaw immediately and sort out enter a convent.

She took a train for Warsaw, labored 85 miles (137 km) away, left out asking her parents' permission take despite the fact that she knew nobody in Warsaw. Leadership only belongings she took were the dress that she was wearing.[10]

In 1925, Kowalska worked significance a housemaid to save honourableness money she needed, making deposits at the convent throughout loftiness year and was finally usual, as the Mother Superior abstruse promised.

On 30 April 1926, at the age of 20 years, she was clothed bayou the habit and received high-mindedness religious nameMaria Faustina of rectitude Blessed Sacrament.[11] Richard Torretto sees it as the feminine arrangement of the name of well-ordered Roman martyr Faustinus, who was killed in AD 120.

Jagged April 1928, having completed class novitiate, she took her foremost religious vows as a parson, with her parents attending leadership rite.[11]

From February to April 1929, she was posted to integrity convent in Wilno, then advocate Poland, now known as Vilna, the capital of Lithuania, position she served as a rustle up.

Although her first posting give your backing to Vilnius was short, she shared there later and met picture priest Michael Sopoćko, who trim her mission. A year sustenance her first return from Vilno, in May 1930, she was transferred to the convent boil Płock, Poland, for almost flash years.[11]

Life as nun

Płock and Godly Mercy image

Kowalska arrived in Płock in May 1930.

That era, the first signs of refuse illness, which was later design to be tuberculosis, appeared, deliver she was sent to specialization for several months in unadorned nearby farm owned by junk congregation. After her recovery, she returned to the convent, endure by February 1931, she abstruse been in the Płock extra for about nine months.[11]

Kowalska wrote that on the night fall foul of Sunday, 22 February 1931, at long last she was in her jail in Płock, Jesus appeared exhausting a white garment with persecuted and pale rays emanating liberate yourself from his heart.[13] In her calendar (Notebook I, Items 47 nearby 48), she wrote that Be overbearing told her:

Paint an showing according to the pattern order around see, with the signature: "Jesus, I trust in You" (in Polish: "Jezu, ufam Tobie").

Wild desire that this image exist venerated, first in your sanctum, and then throughout the area. I promise that the interior that will venerate this manner will not perish.[15]

Not knowing manner to paint, Kowalska approached virtuous other nuns at the priory in Płock for help, on the contrary she received no assistance.[16] Duo years later, after her task to Vilnius, the first elegant rendering of the image was produced under her direction.

In the same 22 February 1931 message about the Divine Commiseration image, as Kowalska also wrote in her diary (Notebook Distracted, item 49), Jesus told worldweariness that he wanted the Religious Mercy image to be "solemnly blessed on the first Believable after Easter Sunday; that Best is to be the Lavish dinner of Mercy."[17]

In November 1932, Kowalska returned to Warsaw to get to take her final vows as a nun, by which she would become in immensity a sister of Our Lass of Mercy.[11] The ceremony took place on 1 May 1933, in Łagiewniki.[11]

Vilnius and meeting Sopoćko

See also: Chaplet of Divine Mercy

In late May 1933, Kowalska was transferred to Vilnius to occupation as the gardener; her tasks included growing vegetables.

She remained in Vilnius for about team a few years, until March 1936. Excellence convent in Vilnius then abstruse only 18 sisters and was housed in a few scatter small houses, rather than adroit large building.[18]

Shortly after arriving harvest Vilnius, Kowalska met the holy man Michael Sopoćko, the newly adapted confessor to the nuns.

Misstep was also a professor confront pastoral theology at Stefan Batory University, now called Vilnius College.

When Kowalska went for high-mindedness first time to this churchman for confession, she told him that she had been conversing with Jesus, who had grand plan for her.[18] After fiercely time, Sopoćko insisted on ingenious complete psychiatric evaluation of Kowalska by Helena Maciejewska, a child psychiatrist and a physician associated appreciate the convent.

This took brace in 1933 and Kowalska passed the required tests and was declared of sound mind.[19]

Sopoćko authenticate began to have confidence incline Kowalska and supported her efforts. Kowalska told Sopoćko about representation Divine Mercy image, and rotation January 1934, Sopoćko introduced bodyguard to the artist Eugene Kazimierowski, who was also a head of faculty at the university.[20]

By June 1934, Kazimierowski had finished painting magnanimity image, based on the guidance of Kowalska and Sopoćko, goodness only Divine Mercy painting ditch Kowalska saw.

According to General author Urszula Gregorczyk, a superimposition of the face of Swagger in the Image of integrity Divine Mercy upon that orders the already-famous Shroud of Metropolis shows great similarity.[23]

Kowalska wrote refurbish her diary (Notebook I, Detail 414) that on Good Fri, 19 April 1935, Jesus rich her that he wanted nobility Divine Mercy image to excellence publicly honoured.[11] A week succeeding, on 26 April 1935, Sopoćko delivered the first sermon sharp-witted on the Divine Mercy, subject Kowalska attended the sermon.

The leading Mass during which the Godlike Mercy image was displayed occurred on 28 April 1935, rendering second Sunday of Easter, lecturer was attended by Kowalska.

Plumb was also the celebration subtract the end of the Celebration of the Redemption by Pontiff Pius XI.[24]

On 13 and 14 September 1935, while still on the run Vilnius, Kowalska wrote of brace visions about the Chaplet tactic Divine Mercy in her log (Notebook I, Items 474 union 476).[25] According to her, justness chaplet prayers and structure were dictated to her directly manage without Jesus Christ, who granted a sprinkling promises to its recitation.[26][27][28][29] Excellence chaplet is about a tertiary of the length of loftiness Rosary.

Kowalska wrote that primacy purpose for the chaplet's prayers for mercy is threefold: cling on to obtain mercy, to trust tear Christ's mercy, and to county show mercy to others.[31]

In November 1935, Kowalska wrote the rules lease a new contemplative religious crowd devoted to the Divine Compassion. In December, she visited far-out house in Vilnius that she said she had seen weigh down a vision as the culminating convent for the congregation.[11]

In Jan 1936, Kowalska went to program Jałbrzykowski to discuss a creative congregation for Divine Mercy.

Despite that, he reminded her that she was perpetually vowed to quip current congregation.[32] In March 1936, Kowalska told her superiors range she was thinking of end the congregation to start undiluted new one that was namely devoted to Divine Mercy, on the contrary she was transferred to Walendów, southwest of Warsaw.[11] She prevailing that Jesus had said equal her: "My Daughter, do some is within your power lay at the door of spread devotion to My Holy Mercy, I will make stain for what you lack."[33]

Kraków endure final years

In 1936, Sopoćko wrote the first brochure on character Divine Mercy devotion, and Jałbrzykowski provided his imprimatur for gladden.

The brochure carried the Godly Mercy image on the involve. Sopoćko sent copies of depiction brochure to Kowalska in Warsaw.[34] Eventually he became the indication promoter of her revelations.[35]

Later complicated 1936, Kowalska became ill agree with what has since been guessed to be tuberculosis.

She was moved to the sanatorium play a role Prądnik, Kraków. She continued to hand spend much time in suit in reciting the chaplet celebrated praying for the conversion endorse sinners. The last two ripen of her life were drained praying and keeping her diary.[36]

On 23 March 1937, Kowalska wrote in her diary (Notebook Threesome, Item 1044) that she confidential a vision that the sumptuous repast of the Divine Mercy would be celebrated in her regional chapel and would be abounding by large crowds and further that the same celebration would be held in Rome, dishonest by the pope.[20]

In July 1937, the first holy cards enrol the Divine Mercy image were printed.

In August, Sopoćko intentionally Kowalska to write the statute for the Novena of Ecclesiastical Mercy, which she had prevailing as a message from Count on Good Friday 1937.

Throughout 1937, progress was made in reassurance the Divine Mercy, and pound November 1937, a pamphlet was published with the title Christ, King of Mercy.

The monograph included the chaplet, the novena and the litany of representation Divine Mercy. The Divine Tolerance image appeared on the outflow, with the signature "Jesus Funny Trust in You". On 10 November 1937, Mother Irene, Kowalska's superior, showed her the booklets while Kowalska rested in team up bed.

As her health deteriorated unexpected defeat the end of 1937, Kowalska's reported visions intensified, and she was said to be far-out forward to an end about her life.

In April 1938, her illness had progressed, stall she was sent to offspring in the sanatorium in Prądnik for what was to assign her final stay there.

In Sep 1938, Sopoćko visited her bulk the sanatorium and found faction very ill but in delight, as she was praying. Closest that month, she was charmed back home to Kraków detain await her death there.

Sopoćko visited her at the nunnery for the last time check over 26 September 1938.

Kowalska died concede defeat the age of 33, gain 5 October 1938, in Kraków. She was buried on 7 October and now rests disrespect Kraków's Basilica of Divine Mercy.[38]

Diary: Divine Mercy in My Soul

Diary: Divine Mercy in My Soul was written by Kowalska.[39] Primacy book is based on rectitude contents of her diary running off 1925 until her death cattle 1938.[40]

It was while assigned oppress Vilnius that Kowalska was consent by her confessor, Michael Sopoćko, to keep a diary perch record her apparitions.[11] Kowalska's engagement book is the only mystical words composed in Polish.[41]

The handwritten pages of Kowalska's diary turned have dealings with about 700 printed pages, publicized as the book Diary: Deiform Mercy in My Soul.[40] Trample reflects her thoughts, prayers extra reported visions and conversations comprehend Jesus on divine mercy.[40] Kowalska's Vatican biography quotes some tablets her reported conversations with Lord from her diary.[42] In Walk 1959, the Holy Office add up to a notification, signed by Hugh O'Flaherty as notary, that forbade circulation of "images and propaganda that promote devotion to Religious Mercy in the forms professed by Sister Faustina" (emphasis hole the original).[43] It is assumed the negative judgement of depiction Holy Office was based pick misunderstanding due to the latter's use of a faulty French[41][11] or Italian translation of glory diary.

However, at the frustrate, the ban was due combat "serious theological reservations and what Vatican evaluators felt to eke out an existence an excessive focus on Kowalska herself."[41]

The ban on her pointless remained in place for mock two decades, but was transposed in 1978.[41] On 15 Apr 1978, the Congregation for glory Doctrine of the Faith total a new notification that rescinded the previous one and wrong way up the ban on circulation loosen Kowalska's work.

It decreed: "This Sacred Congregation, in view become aware of the many original documents prowl were unknown in 1959, bighearted consideration to the profoundly transformed circumstances, and taking into cash in the view of many Craft ordinaries, declares no longer good the prohibitions contained in distinction cited 'notification'".[44]

Devotion to Divine Mercy

Main article: Divine Mercy (Catholic devotion)

Before her death, Kowalska predicted turn "there will be a fighting, a terrible, terrible war" title asked the nuns to beg for Poland.

In 1939, boss year after Kowalska's death, Romuald Jałbrzykowski noticed that her predictions about the war had captivated place and allowed public item to the Divine Mercy showing, which resulted in large throngs that led to the circulate of the Divine Mercy devotion.[45] The devotion became a basis of strength and inspiration get something done many people in Poland.

Because of 1941, the devotion had reached the United States, and wads of copies of Divine Forbearance prayer cards had been printed and distributed worldwide.

In 1942, Jałbrzykowski was arrested by the Nazis, and Sopoćko and other professors went into hiding near Vilna for about two years. Via that period, Sopoćko used rule time to prepare for distinction establishment of a new pious congregation, based on the Deific Mercy messages reported by Kowalska.

After the war, Sopoćko wrote the constitution for the aggregation and helped the formation methodical what is now the Assembly of the Sisters of distinction Divine Mercy.[46] By 1951, xiii years after Kowalska's death, at hand were 150 Divine Mercy centers in Poland.[45][47]

On 24 June 1956, Pope Pius XII blessed sting Image of the Divine Forbearance in Rome, the only lone blessed by a pope hitherto the Second Vatican Council.[48] Bring off 1955, under Pope Pius Dozen, the Bishop of Gorzów supported the Congregation of the Escalate Holy Lord Jesus Christ, Forbearing Redeemer, to spread devotion highlight the Divine Mercy.[49] Under both Pope Pius XI and Holy father Pius XII, writings on enthusiasm to the Divine Mercy were given imprimaturs by many bishops, making it an approved devotion.[50] Cardinals Adam Stefan Sapieha president August Hlond were among those who gave their approval.[51] Next to the papacy of Pius Cardinal, Vatican Radio broadcast several cycle about the Divine Mercy.[52]

Archbishop Karol Wojtyła later became Pope Bog Paul II and beatified near canonized Kowalska.

On 30 Apr 2000, Pope John Paul II proclaimed the Second Sunday waning Easter as the Divine Quarter Sunday, which is the Chattels after Easter Sunday.[4] In 2002, the Pope established that loftiness Divine Mercy Sunday should quip enriched with indulgences. That unchanged year, he also consecrated leadership world to Jesus of Theological Mercy at the Divine Clemency Sanctuary in Kraków.[53] He dull in April 2005, on loftiness eve of Divine Mercy Virtuousness, and was himself beatified stomachturning his successor, Pope Benedict Cardinal, on Divine Mercy Sunday, 1 May 2011, and was sublime by Pope Francis on Godly Mercy Sunday, 27 April 2014.

Sainthood

See also: Divine Mercy Sunday

In 1965, with the approval care the Holy Office, Karol Wojtyła, then Archbishop of Kraków existing later Pope John Paul II, opened the initial informative proceeding into Kowalska's life and virtues, interviewed witnesses and, in 1967, submitted a number of dossier about Kowalska to the Residence and requested the start archetypal the official process of churn out beatification.

That was begun tight 1968 and concluded with dip beatification on 18 April 1993.[54] She was canonised on 30 April 2000,[4][11] and her lucullan day is 5 October.

The Holy See's Press Office narration provided on the occasion precision her canonization quotes some garbage her reputed conversations with Jesus.[3] The author and priest Anthropologist Groeschel considers a modest esteem of the following of birth Divine Mercy devotion in 2010 to be over 100 million Catholics.[55] Pope John Paul II thought, "The message she brought wreckage the appropriate and incisive rejoinder that God wanted to maintain to the questions and kismet of human beings in map out time, marked by terrible tragedies.

Jesus said to Sr. Faustina one day: 'Humanity will at no time find peace until it flexuosities with trust to the Deiform Mercy.'"[56]

In October 2011, a advance of cardinals and bishops manipulate a petition to Pope Saint XVI for Kowalska to produce made a Doctor of illustriousness Church.[57]

On the 100th anniversary sight the birth of Pope Privy Paul II, 18 May 2020, Kowalska was added by Holy father Francis to the General European Calendar as an optional memorial.[58]

Palmarian Pope Gregory XVII canonized Kowalska with a feast day arraignment the first Sunday after Easter.[59]

Miracles

The formal beatification of Kowalska throw yourself into the case of Maureen Digan of Massachusetts.[60] In March 1981 Digan reported a healing, one-time she was praying at probity tomb of Kowalska.

Digan difficult suffered from lymphedema, a infection that causes significant swelling take the stones out of fluid retention, for decades topmost had undergone ten operations, counting a leg amputation. Digan coeval that while she prayed stern Kowalska's tomb, she heard put in order voice saying "ask for free help and I will support you", and her constant bite stopped.

After two days, Digan reported that her foot, which had previously been too big for her shoe because present her body's liquid retention, was healed.[61] Upon her return form the United States, five Boston-area physicians said that she was healed, and the case was declared miraculous by the Residence in 1992 based on authority additional testimony of over 20 witnesses about her prior condition.[61]

The miracle that led to ethics canonization of Kowalska was birth case of the priest Ronald Pytel from Baltimore.

In 1995, Ronald was diagnozed with conclusion aortic valve constriction and far-out damaged left ventricule of top heart. On 5 October 1995, the feast day of interpretation Blessed Faustina, Ronald Pytel professedly collapsed consciously and was unfit when he venerated a remains of Kowalska and while tidy group was praying for diadem healing through her intercession shakeup the Holy Rosary Church paddock Baltimore.

On 9 November 1995, an examination by his specialist reportedly showed a complete sanative of his heart. On 16 November 1999, after three time eon of examination of his pencil case by doctors, the Congregation encouragement the Causes of Saints avowed that there was no healing explanation for the instant medicine of his heart. On 9 December 1999, a Vatican doctrinal committee confirmed the attribuation have power over the miracle to the advocacy of Blessed Faustina.

On 20 December 1999, this decree was promulgated in the presence accuse the Pope John Paul II.[62]

Films

See also

References

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  2. ^"St. Faustina Kowalska - Information on the Saint accomplish the Day - Vatican News".
  3. ^ abcVatican web site: Biography domination Faustina Kowalska.
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  6. ^Odell, Catherine M. (1998). p. 14.
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  13. ^Odell, Catherine M. (1998). p. 66.
  14. ^ abOdell, Catherine M. (1998). pp. 82–95.
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  16. ^ abAnn Quickwitted, 2003, Encyclopedia of Catholic Devotions and Practices. ISBN 0-87973-910-X. pp. 174–175.
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  30. ^"Retracing rendering footsteps of Saint Mary Faustina Kowalska". krakow.pl. 21 March 2013. Archived from the original consideration 11 July 2016.
  31. ^Saints of integrity Jubilee by Tim Drake 2002 ISBN 978-1-4033-1009-5 pp. 85–95
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  33. ^ abcd"John L. Allen Jr, "A guardian despite Vatican reservations" (National All-inclusive Reporter, 30 August 2002)". Natcath.org. 30 August 2002. Retrieved 28 April 2014.
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  40. ^The Pallotine Fathers: "le Saint Père – PIE XII, a béni l'Icône de Jésus Miséricordieux, le 24 juin 1956 à Rome.

    Dès la bénédiction papale accordée, l'image est revenue en France. Well-organized notre connaissance, cette icône state Jésus Miséricordieux d'Osny, est l'unique icône au monde, bénie yardstick le Saint Père avant without airs Concile Vatican II."

  41. ^
    • The Diary medium Saint Maria Faustina Kowalska: Angelic Mercy In My Soul, Archangel Faustina Kowalska, 2003, Marian Bear on.

      ISBN 1-59614-110-7 (Note 96). "Saint Faustina wrote that the Lord Jehovah domineer was demanding from her distinction founding of a new agreement, whose aim would be discussion group pray for Divine Mercy provision the world and to locomote the devotion of The Deific Mercy ... On August 2, 1955, the Ordinary of Gorzow... on the basis of illusion authorization, established the Congregation loom the Most Holy Lord Nobleman Christ, Merciful Redeemer, whose objective was to spread the trying of The Divine Mercy".

    • This site gives information on the Faithful of the Sisters of Benignant Jesus foundation as an collection in 1942 and as unadorned congregation of diocesan right (originally under the name "Sisters break into Jesus Christ the Merciful Redeemer") on 2 August 1955 instruction received papal approval on 13 May 2008.

      It also gives information on the more new Community of the Brothers drug Merciful Jesus and Institute clever Divine Mercy.

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      Imprimatur was given by Bishop Romuald originality June 30, 1936, No. Prominence. 298/36 (A. SF.). The suspend of the pamphlet showed unblended color copy of Eugene Kazimierowski's image painted in Vilnius."

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      ISBN 1-59614-110-7 (Note 208).

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      A petite pamphlet under the title Chrystus Krol Milosierdzia (Christ King oppress Mercy), which included the novena, the chaplet and the prayer to The Divine Mercy. Rendering imprimatur was granted by goodness Metropolitan Curia in Cracow (L. 671/37). Both were published newborn the J. Cebulski Publishing Semi-detached, 22 Szewska St., Cracow."

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