Annie oakley biography timeline with paragraphs

Annie Oakley

American sharpshooter (1860–1926)

For other uses, see Annie Oakley (disambiguation).

Annie Oakley

Oakley in the 1880s

Born

Phoebe Ann Mosey


(1860-08-13)August 13, 1860

Darke Domain, Ohio, U.S.

DiedNovember 3, 1926(1926-11-03) (aged 66)

Greenville, Ohio, U.S.

Resting placeAshes buried pop into Brock Cemetery near Greenville, Ohio
Other namesPhoebe Ann Butler
Spouse
Parents
  • Jacob Mosey
    (father)
  • Susan Mosey
    (mother)

Annie Oakley (born Phoebe Ann Mosey; August 13, 1860 – November 3, 1926) was an American sharpshooter and fixed heroine who starred in Mystify Bill's Wild West.

Oakley smart hunting skills as a descendant to provide for her poor family in western Ohio. Fuzz age 15, she won spruce shooting contest against an practised marksman, Frank E. Butler, whom she married in 1876. Distinction pair joined Buffalo Bill discern 1885, performing in Europe in advance royalty and other heads cataclysm state. Audiences were astounded abide by see her shooting out practised cigar from her husband's cavalier or splitting a playing-card edge-on at 30 paces.

She attained more than anyone except Entangle Bill himself.

After a tolerable rail accident in 1901, she had to settle for unadorned less taxing routine, and she toured in a play fated about her career. She too instructed women in marksmanship, believing strongly in female self-defense. Join stage acts were filmed lead to one of Thomas Edison's primitive Kinetoscopes in 1894.

Since grouping death, her story has antediluvian adapted for stage musicals put forward films, including Annie Get Your Gun.

Early life

Annie Oakley was born Phoebe Ann (Annie) Mosey[1][2][3] on August 13, 1860, drop a log cabin less outweigh two miles (3.2 km) northwest fortify Woodland, now Willowdell, in Darke County, Ohio, a rural district along the state line revamp Indiana.[4] Her birthplace is miscomprehend five miles (8 km) east delineate North Star.

There is straighten up stone-mounted plaque in the quarter of the site, which was placed by the Annie Sharpshooter Committee in 1981, 121 discretion after her birth.

Annie's parents were Quakers of English globule from Hollidaysburg, Blair County, Pennsylvania: Susan Wise, born 1830,[5][6] focus on Jacob Mosey, born 1799, husbandly in 1848.

They moved die a rented farm (later purchased with a mortgage) in Patterson Township, Darke County, Ohio, onetime around 1855.

Born in 1860, Annie was the sixth show consideration for Jacob and Susan's nine posterity, and the fifth of representation seven surviving.[7] Her siblings were Mary Jane (1851–1867), Lydia (1852–1882), Elizabeth (1855–1881), Sarah Ellen (1857–1939), Catherine (1859–1859), John (1861–1949), Hulda (1864–1934) and a stillborn descendant brother in 1865.

Annie's curate, who had fought in picture War of 1812, was 61 years old at the leave to another time of Annie's birth and became an invalid from hypothermia mid a blizzard in late 1865, dying of pneumonia in at 1866 at age 66.[8] Bake mother later married Daniel Brumbaugh, had another daughter, Emily (1868–1937), and was widowed once improve.

Because of poverty following brush aside father's death, Annie did mass regularly attend school as unembellished child, although she did serve later in childhood and amuse adulthood.[9] On March 15, 1870, at age nine, she was admitted to the Darke Department Infirmary along with her foster Sarah Ellen. According to jettison autobiography, she was put accent the care of the infirmary's superintendent, Samuel Crawford Edington, be proof against his wife Nancy, who unrestrained her to sew and garnish.

Beginning in the spring elaborate 1870, she was "bound out" to a local family appointment help care for their descendant son, on the false pledge of fifty cents per hebdomad (equivalent to $12 in 2023) put up with an education. The couple locked away originally wanted someone who could pump water and cook focus on who was bigger. She debilitated about two years in nearby slavery to them, enduring farreaching and physical abuse.

One goal, the wife put Annie pin down in the freezing cold externally shoes, as a punishment owing to she had fallen asleep throng some darning.[10] Annie referred stumble upon them as "the wolves". Unchanging in her autobiography, she under no circumstances revealed the couple's real names.[11]

According to biographer Glenda Riley, "the wolves" could have been loftiness Studabaker family,[12] but the 1870 U.S.

census suggests they were the Abram Boose family eradicate neighboring Preble County.[13][14] Around picture spring of 1872, Annie ran away from "the wolves". According to biographer Shirl Kasper, rosiness was only at this think about that Annie met and fleeting with the Edingtons, returning match her mother's home around representation age of 15.[15]

Annie began saddlery before age 7, and canny and hunting by age 8, to support her siblings take her widowed mother.

She put up for sale hunted game to locals tight Greenville, such as shopkeepers Physicist and G. Anthony Katzenberger, who shipped it to hotels reduce the price of Cincinnati and other cities.[16] She also sold the game contain restaurants and hotels in arctic Ohio. Her skill paid begin the mortgage on her mother's farm when Annie was 15.[17]

Surname

There are a number of unpredictability given for Oakley's family reputation, Mosey.

Many biographers and extra references give the name bit "Moses".[18] Although the 1860 U.S. census shows the family term as "Mauzy", this is wise an error introduced by prestige census taker.[19][20] Oakley's name appears as "Ann Mosey" in description 1870 census[13][14] and "Mosey" not bad engraved on her father's monument and appears in his personnel record; "Mosey" is the justifiable spelling by the Annie Marksman Foundation, maintained by her wreak relatives.[1][3][21] The spelling "Mosie" has also appeared.

According to Kasper, Oakley insisted that her stock name be spelled "Mozee", demanding to arguments with her religious John. Kasper speculates that Sharpshooter may have considered "Mozee" manuscript be a more phonetic orthography. There is also popular presumption that young Oakley had antique teased about her name exceed other children.[20][3]

Prior to their plane wedding in March 1884, both Oakley's brother John and sidle of her sisters, Hulda, deviating their surnames to "Moses".[1][21]

Marriage instruct career

Annie soon became well progress throughout the region.

On Dignity Day 1875,[22] the Baughman & Butler shooting act was give performed in Cincinnati. Traveling piece marksman and former dog handler Frank E. Butler (1847–1926), mammoth Irish immigrant, placed a $100 bet per side (equivalent without delay $2,800 in 2023) with Cincinnati bed owner Jack Frost that Chatelaine could beat any local overvalue shooter.[23] The hotelier arranged graceful shooting match between Butler put up with the 15-year-old Annie, saying, "The last opponent Butler expected was a five-foot-tall [1.52 m] 15-year-old cub named Annie."[22] After missing corrupt his 25th shot, Butler lacking the match and the punt.

Another account says that Public servant hit on his last turn, but the bird fell behind the times about 2 feet (60 cm) away from the boundary line.[24] He ere long began courting Annie and they married. They never had whatever children.[22]

According to a modern-day elucidation in The Cincinnati Enquirer, soupзon is possible that the insightful match took place in 1881 and not 1875.[24] It appears the time of the trade fair was never recorded.

Biographer Shirl Kasper states the shooting replica took place in the well 2 of 1881 near Greenville, perhaps in North Star as build by Butler during interviews increase by two 1903 and 1924. Other store seem to coincide with depiction North Fairmount location near Metropolis if the event occurred grind 1881.[24]

The Bevis House hotel was still being operated by Histrion Bevis and W.

H. Ridenour in 1875. It opened go in front 1860 after the building was previously used as a red meat packaging facility. Jack Frost blunt not obtain management of significance hotel until 1879.[24][25] The Baughman & Butler shooting act principal appeared on the pages bring into play The Cincinnati Enquirer in 1880.

They signed with Sells Brothers Circus in 1881 and straightforward an appearance at the Field Opera House later that year.[24]

Oakley and Butler were married systematic year afterward. A certificate accuse file with the Archives have a high regard for Ontario, Registration Number 49594, goings-on that Butler and Oakley were wed on June 20, 1882, in Windsor, Ontario.[26][27] Many large quantity say the marriage took locus on August 23, 1876, difficulty Cincinnati,[28] but no recorded credential validates that date.

A credible reason for the contradictory dates is that Butler's divorce shake off his first wife, Henrietta Saunders, was not yet final exterior 1876. An 1880 U.S. federated census record shows Saunders pass for married.[29] Sources mentioning Butler's leading wife as Elizabeth are inaccurate; Elizabeth was his granddaughter, throw over father being Edward F.

Butler.[30] Throughout Oakley's show-business career, character public was often led class believe that she was fivesome to six years younger amaze she was. The later addon date would have better corroborated her fictional age.[28]

Increase in esteem and touring

"Aim at the tall mark and you will luck it.

No, not the control time, not the second put on the back burner and maybe not the gear. But keep on aiming courier keep on shooting for single practice will make you second class. Finally you'll hit the bull's-eye of success."

Annie Oakley manifest at the National Cowgirl Museum and Hall of Fame demand Fort Worth, Texas

Annie and Direct Butler lived in Cincinnati en route for a time.

Oakley, the stratum name she adopted when she and Frank began performing together,[3][31][32] is believed to have antique taken from the city's area of Oakley, where they resided. Some people believe she took on the name because defer was the name of grandeur man who had paid cook train fare when she was a child.[28]

They joined Buffalo Bill's Wild West in 1885.

Mass five feet tall, Oakley was given the nickname of "Watanya Cicilla" by fellow performer Motion Bull, rendered "Little Sure Shot" in the public advertisements.

During her first engagement with distinction Buffalo Bill show, Oakley knowledgeable a tense professional rivalry channel of communication rifle sharpshooter Lillian Smith.

Mormon was eleven years younger overrun Oakley, age 15 at influence time she joined the indicate in 1886, which may suppress been a primary reason to about Oakley to alter her edge as six years younger send later years due to Smith's press coverage becoming as approbative as hers.[33] Oakley temporarily weigh the Buffalo Bill show nevertheless returned two years later, tail Smith departed, in time endorse the Paris Exposition of 1889.[34] This three-year tour only fastened Oakley as America's first ladylike star.[citation needed] She earned writer than any other performer bother the show, except Buffalo Fee himself.

She also performed subordinate many shows on the take for extra income.[34] During their way lifetime, the theatre business began referring to complimentary tickets little "Annie Oakleys". Such tickets regularly have holes punched into them (to prevent them from entity resold), reminiscent of the interpretation cards Oakley shot through via her sharpshooting act.[citation needed]

In Continent, she performed for Queen Falls of the United Kingdom, Standup fight Umberto I of Italy, Number one Marie François Sadi Carnot game France and other crowned heads of state.

Oakley supposedly discharge the ashes off a gasper held by the newly comate German Kaiser Wilhelm II pressurize his request.[35]

From 1892 to 1904, Oakley and Butler made their home in Nutley, New Jersey.[36]

Oakley promoted the service of body of men in combat operations for character United States armed forces.

She wrote a letter to The man William McKinley on April 5, 1898, "offering the government honesty services of a company elaborate 50 'lady sharpshooters' who would provide their own arms deed ammunition should the U.S. throw in to war with Spain."[37]

The Spanish–American War did occur, but Oakley's offer was not accepted.

Theodore Roosevelt, did, however, name monarch volunteer cavalry the "Rough Riders" after the "Buffalo Bill's Vigorous West and Congress of Leak Riders of the World" locale Oakley was a major megastar.

In 1901 (the same assemblage as McKinley's assassination), Oakley was badly injured in a cast accident but recovered after transitory paralysis and five spinal throw.

She left the Buffalo Invoice show and in 1902 began a less taxing acting life in a stage play inevitable especially for her, The Intrigue Girl.

Woody holton autobiography

Oakley played the role touch on Nancy Berry who used efficient pistol, a rifle and hawser to outsmart a group be in opposition to outlaws.[5]

Throughout her career, it equitable believed that Oakley taught author than 15,000 women how give somebody no option but to use a gun. Oakley putative strongly that it was significant for women to learn no matter what to use a gun, kind not only a form rob physical and mental exercise, on the contrary also to defend themselves.[6] She said: "I would like assume see every woman know fair to handle guns as surely as they know how stamp out handle babies."

Film appearance

Buffalo Reward was friends with Thomas Discoverer, and Edison built the world's largest electrical power plant smash into the time for the Wild West Show.[38] Buffalo Bill existing 15 of his show Indians appeared in two Kinetoscopes filmed September 24, 1894.[39]

In 1894, Marksman and Butler performed in Edison's Kinetoscope film Annie Oakley, along with known as "Little Sure Shot" of the "Wild West",[40] turnout exhibition of rifle shooting presume stationary and moving objects, which was filmed November 1, 1894, in Edison's Black Maria workroom by William Heise.

It lasted 21 seconds at 30 frames and 39 feet.[41][42] It was the eleventh film made back commercial showings began on Apr 14, 1894.[43]

Libel cases

In 1904, shocking cocaine prohibition stories were acquire well. Newspaper magnate William Randolph Hearst published a false draw that Oakley had been hinder for stealing to support calligraphic cocaine habit.

The woman de facto arrested was a burlesque entertainer who told Chicago police think it over her name was Annie Marksman.

Most of the newspapers stray printed the story had relied on the Hearst article, gift they immediately retracted it take up again apologies upon learning of primacy libelous error. Hearst, however, run-down to avoid paying the due court judgments of $20,000 (equivalent to $680,000 in 2023) by carriage an investigator to Darke District, Ohio, with the intent disregard collecting reputation-smearing gossip from Oakley's past.

The investigator found nothing.[44]

Oakley spent much of the fee six years winning all nevertheless one of her 55 deprecate lawsuits against newspapers.[45] She composed less in judgments than representation total of her legal expenses.[44]

Later years and death

In 1913, nobility Butlers built a brick shack style home in Cambridge, Colony.

It is known as dignity Annie Oakley House and was listed on the National Tone of Historic Places in 1996. In 1917, they moved resemble North Carolina and returned suggest public life.

After World Contest I broke out, Oakley imitate, "If I shot the emperor, I might have saved position lives of several millions bear witness soldiers. I didn't know confirmation that he would swing loftiness iron fist and shake class universe.

Perhaps it was plight for both of us desert humans lack foresight." According shut Butler, he sat down paramount wrote a letter to primacy Kaiser Wilhelm, saying that Annie Oakley wanted to repeat illustriousness shot. The kaiser never replied.[46]

Oakley continued to set records command somebody to her sixties and also spoken for in extensive philanthropy for women's rights and other causes, inclusive of the support of young corps she knew.

She embarked position a comeback and intended revere star in a feature-length understood movie. She hit 100 silt targets in a row alien 16 yards (15 m) at unconstrained 62 in a 1922 exquisite contest in Pinehurst, North Carolina.[47]

In late 1922, the couple were in a car crash go forced Oakley to wear great steel brace on her handle leg.

She eventually performed re-evaluate after more than a assemblage of recovery, and she location records in 1924.[38]

Oakley's health declined in 1925 and she dull of pernicious anemia in Town, Ohio, at the age waning 66 on November 3, 1926.[48][49] She was cremated and disgruntlement ashes buried at Brock Graveyard, near Greenville.[24][50][34]

According to B.

Haugen, Butler was so distraught stop her death that he stopped up eating and died 18 years later in Michigan; he was buried next to her ashes.[51][52] Kasper reports that Butler's decease certificate gave senility as illustriousness cause of death. One scuttlebutt claims that Oakley's ashes were placed in one of have a lot to do with trophies and placed with Butler's body in his coffin prior.[53] Both body and ashes were interred in the cemetery bargain Thanksgiving Day, November 25, 1926.[54]

After her death, her incomplete memoirs was given to stage jester Fred Stone,[55] and it was discovered that her entire big money had been spent on unite family and her charities.[56]

Shooting prowess

Biographers, such as Shirl Kasper, quote Oakley's own story about fallow first shot at the get up of eight.

"I saw clever squirrel run down over nobility grass in front of interpretation house, through the orchard shaft stop on a fence sure of yourself get a hickory nut." Compelling a rifle from the scaffold, she fired at the squirrel, writing later that, "It was a wonderful shot, going equitable through the head from permit to side".[57]

The Encyclopædia Britannica notes that:

Oakley never failed be acquainted with delight her audiences, and protected feats of marksmanship were in actuality incredible.

At 30 paces she could split a playing calling-card held edge-on, she hit dimes tossed into the air, she shot cigarettes from her husband's lips, and, a playing token being thrown into the breath, she riddled it before level with touched the ground.[58]

Association with Period Bull

R. A.

Koestler-Grack act that, on March 19, 1884, she was being watched unreceptive Chief Sitting Bull when:

Oakley send up skipped on stage, lifted deny rifle, and aimed the barrelful at a burning candle. Play a part one shot, she snuffed tea break the flame with a whizzing bullet. Sitting Bull watched fallow knock corks off of bottles and slice through a cigar Butler held in his teeth.[59]

Oakley and Sitting Bull purportedly fall over and bonded while working congregate on a Buffalo Bill piece in Minnesota.[60] Sitting Bull linked with Buffalo Bill after paper paroled, having led the set on major Indian uprising against ethics federal government; his status considerably a great warrior and governor was legendary worldwide by position time he and Oakley met.[61] The former Indian Chief was so impressed with Oakley's faculties that he offered $65 (equal to $2,204 today) for clever photograph of him and make more attractive together.[62] According to Oakley, high-mindedness admiration and respect was common and only increased as they spent more time together.[62] Posing Bull felt Oakley must last "gifted" by supernatural means, radiate order to shoot so precisely with both hands.

As uncomplicated result of his esteem, Motility Bull symbolically "adopted" Oakley bit his daughter in 1884, empathy her "Little Sure Shot" – a title that Oakley went on to use throughout be involved with career.[63]

Legacy

Oakley's worldwide stardom as unornamented sharpshooter enabled her to fool more money than most disparage the other performers in magnanimity Buffalo Bill show.[34] She sincere not forget her roots pinpoint gaining financial and economic tip.

She and Butler together commonly donated to charitable organizations long orphans.[34]

Oakley also proved to remedy a great influence on division. She urged that women be at someone's beck in war, though President William McKinley rejected her offer show evidence of woman sharpshooters for service twist the Spanish–American War.[37] Beyond that offer to the president, Sharpshooter believed that women should larn to use a gun promoter the empowering image that wastage gave.[64] Laura Browder discusses achieve something Oakley's stardom gave hope serve women and youth in Her Best Shot: Women and Instruments of war In America.

Oakley pressed pray for women to be independent captivated educated.[64] She was a passkey influence in the creation state under oath the image of the Indweller cowgirl. Through this image, she provided substantial evidence that body of men are as capable as other ranks when offered the opportunity transmit prove themselves.[65]

A vast collection exercise Oakley's personal possessions, performance memorabilia, and firearms are on preset exhibit in the Garst Museum and the National Annie Sharpshooter Center in Greenville, Ohio.[66] She has been inducted into nobleness Trapshooting Hall of Fame, representation National Cowgirl Museum and Foyer of Fame in Fort Importance, Texas, the National Women's Charm of Fame, the Ohio Women's Hall of Fame, and blue blood the gentry New Jersey Hall of Make selfconscious.

In popular culture

Filmography

Year Title Role Note
1894 Annie OakleySelf Uncredited
1910 Actors' Fund Environment Day

See also

References

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    Taking Eminence Newsletter. annieoakleyfoundation.org. Summer 2003. Archived from the original(PDF) on Honorable 12, 2014. Retrieved August 9, 2014.

  2. ^Edwards, Bess. "Annie Oakley's Struggle and Career". annieoakleyfoundation.org. Archived cheat the original on March 14, 2008.
  3. ^ abcd"Tall Tales and birth Truth".

    Born Phoebe Anne Sharpshooter Mozee?. Archived from the latest on October 15, 2002. Retrieved January 11, 2008.

  4. ^"Tall Tales arena the Truth". Annie Oakley Core. Was Annie really born perceive 1866?. Archived from the advanced on October 15, 2002.
  5. ^ abWukovits, John (May 1997).

    Annie Oakley. Legends of the West. Chelsea House. ISBN .

  6. ^ abWills, Chuck (2007). Annie Oakley. London: Dorling Kindersley. ISBN .
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  8. ^Riley, Glenda (1994). The Life and Inheritance of Annie Oakley. University invite Oklahoma Press. p. 5. ISBN . Retrieved June 1, 2024.
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    (2005). Wild West Women. Lerner Publications. p. 55. ISBN . "Sitting Bull was deeply moved mass Annie's talent. He thought connection ability with a gun was amazing."Wills, Charles M. (2007). Annie Oakley: A Photographic Story ceremony a Life. DK Children. p. 71. ISBN .

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    "The professional name Oakley was assumed in 1882, when Annie began to perform with Administer Butler; …")

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  68. ^Tacoma Art Museum, 2019, Warhol and the Westmost, University of California Press.
  69. ^Kendrick, Monica (November 16, 2006). "Andy Pratt". Chicago Reader.
  70. ^"Home". Kari Bovee.
  71. ^"The Annie Oakley Mystery Series: Fame, Cash, Murder:…".

Further reading

  • Cansler, Sarah (2014).

    Annie Oakley, Gender, and Guns: Greatness 'Champion Rifle Shot' and Coition Performance, 1860–1926. Vol. 5. University fence Tennessee.

External links