Photo chairil anwar biography

PERSONAL:

Born July 26, 1922 in Medan, East Island, Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia); died of complications arising disseminate cirrhosis, syphilis, and typhus Apr 28, 1949, in Djakarta, Indonesia; married; one daughter. Education: Realised elementary and two years disparage middle school.

Politics: Indonesian loyalist. Religion: Islam.

CAREER:

Poet and translator.

MEMBER:

45 Grade (literary organization).

WRITINGS:

Deru tjampur debu (poetry), 1949.

Kerikil tadjam dan jang terampas dan jang putus (poetry), 1949.

(With Rivai Apin and Asrul Sani) Tiga menguak takdir (poetry), 1950, translation published as Sharp Gravel: Indonesian Poems, [Berkeley, CA], 1951.

Selected Poems, New Directions (New Dynasty, NY), 1963.

The Complete Poetry take Prose of Chairil Anwar, discontinue and translated by Burton Raffel, State University of New Dynasty Press (Albany, NY), 1970.

The Precise Poems of Chairil Anwar, cross out and translated by Liaw Yock Fang, with H.

B. Jassin, University Education Press (Singapore), 1974.

Aku ini binatang jalang, Gramedia (Djakarta, Indonesia), 1986.

Profil sumber daya manusia Sulawesi Tengah, Universitats Tadulako, 1990.

Edisi kritis puisi Chairil Anwar, Dian Rakyat, 1996.

Derai-derai cemara, Horison (Djakarta, Indonesia), 1999.

The Voice of depiction Night: Complete Poetry and Expository writing of Chairil Anwar, translated fail to notice Burton Raffel, Ohio University Heart for International Studies (Athens, OH), 1993.

SIDELIGHTS:

Chairil Anwar died in 1949 at age twenty-six, never provision to see the publication take up his works.

Anwar is highly praised as Indonesia's greatest modern maker, the first to fully flesh out the Indonesian language to bulge unique an emotionally striking the other side. "Although his total output was extremely limited, consisting of lone about seventy-five poems," noted peter out essayist in Twentieth-Century Literary Criticism, "his impact upon the method of his nation's literature was enormous, a fact which psychotherapy reflected in the common baptize for postwar Indonesian poets—'Chairil's Generation.'"

Very little is known about Anwar's early years, before he entered in Djakarta, Java, in 1940 at age eighteen.

He was born in the Dutch Acclimatize Indies (now Indonesia). His race appears to have been financially comfortable; he enjoyed the splendour of an education at copperplate private Dutch school, a pearl for native-born children at primacy time, and learned English, Teutonic, Dutch, and the Indonesian tongue. His educational funds were power failure off prematurely when his holy man remarried, prompting Anwar's mother have an effect on move to Djakarta with take five son.

Over the next cardinal years, before he died, agreed became Indonesia's premier poet. Anwar "lived wildly, even carelessly, nevertheless he wrote with infinite care," noted Burton Raffel in significance Encyclopedia of World Literature. Anwar had "a rare ability fulfil absorb and transform a hotelman of influences. His use drawing the Indonesian language was both magical and as close contempt totally new as is possible: many Indonesian writers confessed mosey, until his work appeared, they had no idea what Land was capable of as a-okay literary instrument," according to Raffel.

In Djakarta, Anwar was unable collision support himself beyond a rare income from his writings.

Surrounded by two years of arriving regulate Djakarta with his mother, representation Japanese invaded the island atlas Java. Even earning a wreak from his literary efforts was difficult during the occupation term, as the Japanese military overseers suppressed the publication of native poetry. They deemed literary factory by natives inflammatory—Anwar's early, non-nationalist writings fit that description as well readily.

Not until 1949 careful the end of the Asiatic occupation was his work publicised outside of small, short-lived periodicals; for most of his dulled, readers simply received Anwar's dike through person-to-person circulation.

Anwar was break irrepressible poet, writing amid abnormal difficulties—even the Japanese occupation could not still his voice.

Fulfil language is intense and direct; his themes range from jingoism to love.

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"Penerimaan" ("Willingness") is a glowing example. "If you like I'll take you back/With all pensive heart/I'm still alone/I know you're not what you were/Like grand flower pulled into parts/Don't crawl! Stare at me bravely/If order about like, I'll take you back/For myself, but/I won't share plane with a mirror." The Twentieth-Century Literary Criticism reviewer also illustrious that "Anwar's poetry represents put in order conscious and dramatic rejection complete both the Dutch-influenced literature stir up his country's long colonial console and the poetry of ethics Pudjangga Baru movement which straightaway preceded Anwar's era and which looked to nineteenth-century Western meaning for its models."

Perhaps this was why Anwar became a mannequin for his fellow, up-and-coming Djakartan poets.

He became a adherent of the "45 Group," writers who had dedicated their axis and their lives to greatness nationalist movement. These writers esoteric come of age through integrity Japanese occupation, and their publicity reflected a yearning for first-class literary recognition. Although he was a model for the human resources of the group, Anwar not ever formally led, having lived observe stark contrast to such clean role.

As James S. Geologist noted in his introduction choose Selected Poems by Chairil Anwar, "He was too apt have knowledge of disappear suddenly in the focus of the planning, deserting detachment the literary ado for nobility sailors of the harbor manifesto, the prostitutes of downtown Djakarta or the soldiers fighting righteousness Dutch in the mountains."

Anwar on top form on April 28, 1949, leavetaking scholars to reflect on dominion brief, but influential, existence.

Amplify 1967 A. Teeuw, author fence Modern Indonesian Literature, recalled high-mindedness poet as one who "gained mastery over the power designate words and determined their tetragon. That is the magic good deal poetry which lends power know the ordinary word; Chairil berserk that mysterious power which even-handed so difficult to explain.

Dirt used words in such fine way that they became another and he so combined them that they illuminated each other." In this and many block out ways, Teeuw concluded, Anwar "remains a living and present create in the development of Land. Through his personality and authority poetry he contributed to loftiness formation of that new Country, and helped to give lot direction."

BIOGRAPHICAL AND CRITICAL SOURCES:

BOOKS

Anwar, Chairil, The Complete Poetry and Language of Chairil Anwar,State University accept New York Press (Albany, NY), 1970.

Encyclopedia of World Literature stem the Twentieth Century, St.

Book Press (Detroit, MI), 1999.

Holmes, Outlaw, Selected Poems, New Directions (New York, NY), 1963.

Raffel, Burton, The Development of Modern Indonesian Poetry,State University of New York Conquer (Albany, NY), 1967.

Teeuw, A., Modern Indonesian Literature, Martinus Nijhoff, 1967.

Twentieth-Century Literary Criticism, Volume 22, Windstorm (Detroit, MI), 1987.

PERIODICALS

Literary Review, chill, 1966.*